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Colfax G et al. Prevalence of pharyngeal gonorrhea and oral sex behavior among a cohort of HIV-negative men who have sex with men (MSM).Int Conf AIDS. 2002 Jul 7-12; 14: abstract no. MoPeC3456 Prevalence of pharyngeal gonorrhea and the behavior of oral sex in a cohort of HIV negative men that make sex with men

YT van Duynhoven. The epidemiology of Neisseria gonorrheae in Europe. Microbes and Infection  1999;1 (6): 455–464 The epidemiology of Neisseria gonorrheae in Europe

Howard Brown Health Center: STI Annual Report, 2009 Howard Brown Health Center: Annual report of STDs, 2009

D J Templeton et al. Prevalence, incidence and risk factors for pharyngeal chlamydia in the community based Health in Men (HIM) cohort of homosexual men in Sydney, Australia Sex Transm Infect 2008;84:361-363  Prevalence, incidence and risk factors for pharyngeal chlamydia in the community based Health in Men (HIM) cohort of homosexual men

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2001. Sexually transmitted disease surveillance 2000 supplement: Chlamydia Prevalence Monitoring Project. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2001. Sexually transmitted disease surveillance 2000 supplement: Chlamydia Prevalence Monitoring Project.

Wexner SD. Sexually transmitted diseases of the colon, rectum, and anus. The challenge of the nineties. Dis Colon Rectum. 1990 Dec;33(12):1048-62 Sexually transmitted diseases of the colon, rectum, and anus. The challenge of the nineties.

Lin JS et al. Transmission of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae among men with urethritis and their female sexual partners. The Journal of Infectious Diseases Vol. 178, No. 6 (Dec., 1998), pp. 1707-1712 Transmission of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae among men with urethritis and their female sexual partners.

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2010 HPA guidance on Gonorrhoea testing in England & Wales 2010 HPA guidance on Gonorrhoea testing in England & Wales

European guideline for the management of Chlamydia trachomatis infections 2010 European guideline for the management of Chlamydia trachomatis infections 2010

Testing for chlamydia; the”window period” 20 May 2008 BASHH Testing for chlamydia; the”window period” 20 May 2008 BASHH

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AIDS Alert. 1999 Oct;14(10):Suppl 1-2. HIV combined with other STDs can be a dangerous mix. HIV combined with other STDs can be a dangerous mix.

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Baba TW et al: Infection and AIDS in adult Macaques after nontraumatic oral exposure to cell-free SIV. Science, 272, 1486-1489, 1996.Infection and AIDS in adult Macaques after nontraumatic oral exposure to cell-free SIV. Science, 272, 1486-1489, 1996

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Boily MC et al. Heterosexual risk of HIV-1 infection per sexual act: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Lancet Infect Dis. 2009 Feb;9(2):118-29. Heterosexual risk of HIV-1 infection per sexual act: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Lancet Infect Dis. 2009 Feb;9(2):118-29.

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S Edwards, C Carne Oral sex and the transmission of viral STIs. Sex Transm Infect 1998;74:6-10. S Edwards, C Carne Oral sex and the transmission of viral STIs. Sex Transm Infect 1998;74:6-10.

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Pinkerton SD et al; NIMH Multisite HIV Prevention Trial Group. All STDs are not created equal: an analysis of the differential effects of sexual behaviour changes on different STDs.Int J STD AIDS. 2003 May;14(5):320-8. NIMH Multisite HIV Prevention Trial Group. All STDs are not created equal: an analysis of the differential effects of sexual behaviour changes on different STDs. Int J STD AIDS. 2003 May;14(5):320-8.

Bissessor M et al.Frequent screening for syphilis as part of HIV monitoring increases the detection of early asymptomatic syphilis among HIV-positive homosexual men.J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2010 Oct 1;55(2):211-6. Frequent screening for syphilis as part of HIV monitoring increases the detection of early asymptomatic syphilis among HIV-positive homosexual men. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2010 Oct 1;55(2):211-6

AIDS Alert. 1999 Oct;14(10):Suppl 1-2. HIV combined with other STDs can be a dangerous mix. AIDS Alert. 1999 Oct;14(10):Suppl 1-2. HIV combined with other STDs can be a dangerous mix.

Homes KK et al. An estimate of risk of men acquiring gonorrhea by sexual contact with infected females. Am. J. Epidemiol. (1970) 91 (2): 170-174. An estimate of risk of men acquiring gonorrhea by sexual contact with infected females. Am. J. Epidemiol. (1970) 91 (2): 170-174

Colfax G et al. Prevalence of pharyngeal gonorrhea and oral sex behavior among a cohort of HIV-negative men who have sex with men (MSM).Int Conf AIDS. 2002 Jul 7-12; 14: abstract no. MoPeC3456. Prevalence of pharyngeal gonorrhea and oral sex behavior among a cohort of HIV-negative men who have sex with men (MSM). Int Conf AIDS. 2002 Jul 7-12; 14: abstract no. MoPeC3456

YT van Duynhoven. The epidemiology of Neisseria gonorrheae in Europe. Microbes and Infection  1999;1 (6): 455–464 YT van Duynhoven. The epidemiology of Neisseria gonorrheae in Europe. Microbes and Infection  1999;1 (6): 455–464

Howard Brown Health Center: STI Annual Report, 2009. Howard Brown Health Center: STI Annual Report, 2009

D J Templeton et al  Prevalence, incidence and risk factors for pharyngeal chlamydia in the community based Health in Men (HIM) cohort of homosexual men in Sydney, Australia Sex Transm Infect 2008;84:361-363. Templeton et al  Prevalence, incidence and risk factors for pharyngeal chlamydia in the community based Health in Men (HIM) cohort of homosexual men in Sydney, Australia. Sex Transm Infect 2008;84:361-363

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2001. Sexually transmitted disease surveillance 2000 supplement: Chlamydia Prevalence Monitoring Project. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2001. Sexually transmitted disease surveillance 2000 supplement: Chlamydia Prevalence Monitoring Project.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2001. Sexually transmitted disease surveillance 2000 supplement: Chlamydia Prevalence Monitoring Project. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2001. Sexually transmitted disease surveillance 2000 supplement: Chlamydia Prevalence Monitoring Project.

Wexner SD. Sexually transmitted diseases of the colon, rectum, and anus. The challenge of the nineties. Dis Colon Rectum. 1990 Dec;33(12):1048-62. Sexually transmitted diseases of the colon, rectum, and anus. The challenge of the nineties. Dis Colon Rectum. 1990 Dec;33(12):1048-62

Lin JS et al. Transmission of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae among men with urethritis and their female sexual partners. The Journal of Infectious Diseases Vol. 178, No. 6 (Dec., 1998), pp. 1707-1712. Transmission of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae among men with urethritis and their female sexual partners. The Journal of Infectious Diseases Vol. 178, No. 6 (Dec., 1998), pp. 1707-1712

Post-marketing surveillance of OraQuick whole blood and oral fluid rapid HIV testing Wesolowsk LG et al AIDS 2006, 20:1661–1666

Voluntary Rapid Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Testing in Jails MacGowan R et al Sexually Transmitted Diseases, February Supplement 2009, Vol. 36, No. 2, p.S-9-S1

Diagnostic Accuracy of Two Oral Mucosal Fluid Based Tests for HIV Surveillance in Namibia Hamers RL et al Journal of Immune Deficiency Syndrome (JAIDS), Vol. 48, Number 1, May 1, 2008

Routine HIV Screening in the Emergency Department Using the New US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Guidelines: Results From a High-Prevalence AreaBrown J et al JAIDS, Vol. 46, Number 4, December 1, 2007

Detecting Unsuspected HIV Infection with a Rapid Whole-Blood HIV Test in an Urban Emergency DepartmentLyss SB et al JAIDS, Volume 00, Number 0, 2007

Rapid Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Testing on Labor and Delivery in 17 US Hospitals: The MIRIAD Experience Jamieson DJ et al American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Supplement to September 2007

Comparative Evaluation of Rapid HIV Antibody TestsChen LS et al Point of Care, Vol. 6, No. 2, June 2007, p. 109-111

Evaluation of Diagnostic Accuracy, Feasibility and Client Preference for Rapid Oral Fluid-Based Diagnosis of HIV Infection in Rural India Pai NP et al PLOs ONE, Apr. 2007, Issue 4, e367

Performance of an Oral Fluid Rapid HIV-1/2 Test: Experience From Four CDC Studies Delaney KP et al AIDS 2006, Vol. 20 No. 12, p 1655-1660

Usefulness of a Rapid Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Antibody Test for Management of Occupational Exposure to Blood and Body Fluid Landrum ML et al Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Sept. 2005, p-768-774

The Role of Rapid vs. Conventional Human Immunodeficiency Virus Testing for Inpatients-Effects on Quality Care Rubelchek R et al Archives of Internal Medicine, Vol. 165, Sept. 26, 2005

Evaluation of a Rapid Test for the Detection of Antibodies to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and 2 in the Setting of Multiple Transmitted Viral Subtypes Reynolds SJ et al International Journal of STD & AIDS, 13:d498.1-3, 2002.

Reduction of the diagnostic window with a new combined p24 antigen and human immunodeficiency virus antibody screening assay Gürtler L et al. . J Virol Meth 1998;75:27–38.

Shortening of the diagnostic window with a new combined HIV p24 antigen and anti-HIV-1/2/O screening test. Brust S et al J Virol Meth 2000; 90:153–65.

Estimating sexual transmission of HIV from persons aware and unaware that they are infected with the virus in the USA. Marks G et al AIDS 2006;20:1447–50.

HIV-1 transmission, by stage of infection. Hollingsworth TD et al J Infect Dis. 2008 Sep 1;198(5):687–93

Amplified transmission of HIV-1: comparison of HIV-1 concentrations in semen and blood during acute and chronic infection.Pilcher CD et al. AIDS. 2007 Aug 20;21(13):1723–30

Brief but efficient: acute HIV infection and the sexual transmission of HIV. Quest Study; Duke-UNC-Emory Acute HIV Consortium. Pilcher CD et al JID. 2004 May 15;189(10):1785–92.

Detection of acute HIV infection: a field evaluation of the determine® HIV-1/2 Ag/Ab combo test. Rosenberg NE et al J Infect Dis. 2012 Feb 15;205(4):528-34. Epub 2011 Dec 29.

Programmatic Evaluation of a Combined Antigen and Antibody Test for Rapid HIV Diagnosis in a Community and Sexual Health Clinic Screening Programme. Taegtmeyer M PLoS ONE 6(11): e28019. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028019

Benefit of the rapid test Determine HIV1/2 in the clinical diagnosis of HIV infection in Ibn Rochd hospital of Casablanca, Morocco.Ouladlahsen A et al Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique. 2012 Jul 10. [Epub ahead of print]

Documento de Consenso Sobre las Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual en Personas con Infección por el VIH- (Septiembre 2010)Grupo de Expertos de GESIDA y del Plan Nacional Sobre El Sida

Sensitivity of Five Rapid HIV Tests on Oral Fluid or Finger-Stick Whole Blood: A Real-Time Comparison in a Healthcare Setting Juliette Pavie1,PLoS ONE | ww.plosone.org July 2010 | Volume 5 | Issue 7 | e11581

HIV assays: Operational Characteristics Report 16: Rapid Assays World Health Organization

Determine® HIV-1/2 Ag/Ab Combo:a revolutionary fourth generation rapid HIV test. Performance data review. Alere Healthcare.

World Health Organization. HIV assays : operational characteristics (Phase I). Report 12: simple/rapid  tests, whole blood specimens. ISBN 92 4 159235 4

Evaluation of the Rapid Immunoassay Determine HIV 1/2 for Detection of Antibodies to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Types 1 and 2. G. E. L. van den Berk, J ClinMicrobiol. 2003 August; 41(8): 3868–3869.

BASHH Clinical Governance Committee Guidance on the appropriate use of HIV Point of Care Tests Winter AJ et al

Diagnostic Testing for HIV Type 1 RNA in Seronegative Blood Ritter D et al, Am J Clin Pathol 2000;113:128–134

Evaluation of DETERMINE HIV-1/2 Ag/Ab COMBO HPA South East Regional Laboratory, April 2009 Jane Newman J et al, HPA Southampton, Virology Dept

Scottish Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections Reference Laboratory (SBSTIRL) Guidance on the Introduction of molecular testing for Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Diagnostic Laboratories 2007 Scottish Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections Reference Laboratory (SBSTIRL) Guidance on the Introduction of molecular testing for Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Diagnostic Laboratories 2007

Whiley DM, Tapsall JW, Sloots TP. Nucliec acid amplification testing for Neisseria gonorrhoeae: an ongoing challenge. J Mol Diagn 2006;8:3-15
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MHRA 04122: Chlamydia trachomatis NAATS. revision of evaluation literature. Medicines and Health Care Products Regulatory Agency.
Chlamydia trachomatis NAATS. revision of evaluation literature. Medicines and Health Care Products Regulatory Agency.

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Chernesky M et al. Use of Flocked Swabs and a Universal Transport Medium To Enhance Molecular Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. J Clin Microbiol. 2006 March; 44(3): 1084–1086

Improved swab for Chlamydia test. – UltiMed Chlamydia Test. Use of Flocked Swabs compared to Polyester Standard Swabs. (UltiMed website) Improved swab for Chlamydia test. – UltiMed Chlamydia Test. Use of Flocked Swabs compared to Polyester Standard (Sitio web UltiMed)

Verdaderos positivos: Fichas técnicas de Determine y Determine Combo (Alere Healthcare), OraQuick (OraSure Technologies Inc) e INSTI (Biolytical Laboratories)

Falsos positivos: Base de datos clínica de Centro Médico Openhouse S.L.N.E. desde 2007

BASHH Statement on HIV window period  15 March 2010 (Comunicación de la Asociación Británica de Salud Sexual y VIH sobre el periodo de ventana 15 de marzo de 2010)

UK National Guidelines for HIV Testing 2008 (BHIVA) Guía Nacional del Reino Unido sobre la Detección de VIH 2008 (Asociación Británica de VIH) en la cual se recomienda no utilizar la técnica PCR (carga viral) para la detección de VIH en entornos clínicos.

Superior detection of syphilis with the rapid test DETERMINE compared with combined cardiolipin- and treponemal-specific tests  Chapman, Stephen BMedSci, BM, BS; Cañadas, Pablo Fernández; Lluch, José Martín BM 2015 Sep; Vol 14 (3): 92-94 Dtección de sífilis es superior con la prueba rápida DETERMINE comparada con las pruebas de cardiolipina y treponémicas específicas en combinación.

Verdaderos positivos: Fichas técnicas de Determine Syphilis (Alere Healthcare) y base de datos clínica de Centro Médico Openhouse S.L.N.E. desde 2007 casos positivos y su seguimiento

Falsos positivos: Base de datos clínica de Centro Médico Openhouse S.L.N.E. desde 2007

Egglestone SI, Turner AJL on behalf of the Syphilis Forum. Serological diagnosis of syphilis. Commun Dis Public Health. 2000 Sep;3(3):158-62 Egglestone SI, Turner AJL de parte del Foro de Sífilis. Diagnóstico serológico de la sífilis. Commun Dis Public Health. 2000 Sep;3(3):158-62

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Young H, Moyes A, Ross JCD. Markers of past syphilis in HIV infection comparing Captia Syphilis G anti-treponemal IgG enzyme immunoassay with other treponemal antigen tests. Int J STD AIDS 1995; 6: 101-4. Young H, Moyes A, Ross JCD. Marcardores de sífilis previa en infección por VIH comparando el inmunoensayo enzimático anti-treponemal Captia Syphilis G con otras pruebas de antígeno treponemal. Int J STD AIDS 1995; 6: 101-4.

Schmidt BL, Edjlalipour M, Luger A. Comparative evaluation of nine different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for determination of antibodies against Treponema pallidum in patients with primary syphilis. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2000;38:1279-1282 Schmidt BL, Edjlalipour M, Luger A. Evaulación comparativa de nueve ELISA para la detección de anticuerpos versus Treponema pallidum en pacientes con sífilis primaria. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2000;38:1279-1282

Verdaderos positivos: Fichas técnicas de Flaviscreen HCV test, QualPro Diagnostics, pruebas INFO HBsAg & HBsAb, Nal von Minden

Falsos positivos: Base de datos clínica de Centro Médico Openhouse S.L.N.E. desde 2007

Barbara JA y Garson JA. Vox Sang. 1993;64(2):73-81.Polymerase chain reaction and transfusion microbiology. Reacción de polimerasa en cadena y la microbiología de transfusiones.

Müller-Breitkreutz K et al. Vox Sang. 1999;76(3):194-200.Nucleic acid amplification tests for the detection of blood-borne viruses. 5th EPFA/NIBSC Workshop, Amsterdam 1998. Pruebas de amplificación de ácidos nucléicos para la detección de virus sanguíneos.

United Kingdom National Guideline on the Management of the Viral Hepatitides A, B & C 2008.Clinical Effectiveness Group British Association of Sexual Health and HIV. Guía nacional de 2008 del Reino Unido sobre el manjeo de hepatitis víricas A, B y C. Grupo de efectividad clínica de la Asociación Británica de Salud Sexual.

Marc Germain et al Baillieres Best Pract Res Clin Haematol. 2000. Dec;13(4):631-49.Estimates of risk of window-period transmission of blood-borne viral diseases in Quebec. Marc Germain et al Baillieres Best Pract Res Clin Haematol. 2000. Dec;13(4):631-49.Estimaciones de riesgo de transmisión de enfermedades víricas sanguíneas en el periodo de ventana en Quebec.